Why is Genomic Profiling Important?

Genomic profiling aims to determine which treatment methods may be effective by analyzing the genetic changes in cancer cells in detail. Cancer is different in every patient, and genetic mutations affect how the tumor grows and spreads. Therefore, basing treatment on genetic foundations offers a more effective and targeted approach.

Genomic profiling tests allow us to obtain the following information:

• The genetic characteristics of cancer and which mutations are present,

• Which targeted therapy or immunotherapy may be effective,

• Sensitivity or resistance to treatment options such as chemotherapy,

• How the tumor may change during treatment and the identification of new targets.
  
  

Advantages Over Narrow-Scope Tests:

Genomic profiling offers many advantages compared to narrow-scope tests:

• Comprehensive Analysis: Genomic profiling can examine hundreds of genetic changes at once, not just a few mutations.

• Personalized Treatment: It enables the creation of a patient-specific treatment plan because it provides a broader data set.

• Saves Time: By revealing the genetic map of the tumor with a single test, it eliminates the need for multiple tests.

• Combined Treatment Options: It determines which drugs can be used in combination or whether they are compatible with immunotherapies.
  
  

How Are Genomic Tests Performed?

Genomic tests determine which treatment methods may be effective by analyzing the genetic and biological structure of cancer in detail. These tests are performed on tumor tissue or blood samples (liquid biopsy).

The genomic analysis process generally includes the following steps:

• Biopsy or Blood Sample Collection: Tumor tissue is taken via biopsy or a liquid biopsy is performed using a blood sample to examine the genetic profile of the tumor.

• DNA and RNA Analysis: The genetic material (DNA and RNA) obtained from the sample is examined with advanced analyses. Targeted mutations, gene amplifications, or fusion genes are identified.

• Evaluation of Results: Test results are used to determine targeted therapy or immunotherapy options appropriate for genetic mutations.
  
  

Test Names Used in Genomic Tests

1. Comprehensive Genomic Tests for Treatment Planning:

• FoundationOne CDx: A comprehensive test that analyzes hundreds of genetic mutations by revealing the genetic profile of cancer.

• Tempus: Determines personalized treatment options by offering a broad genetic panel.

• BostonGene: Analyzes the molecular structure and immunological properties of cancer.

• OncoDeep: A platform that performs comprehensive analysis at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels.

• ACT (Advanced Cancer Test): A genomic test that examines the genetic structure of cancer in detail.

• OncoIndex Prime: A test that reveals the genetic map of the tumor and suggests targeted therapies.
  
  

2. Liquid Biopsy Tests:

• Guardant360: Determines targetable mutations by analyzing tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the bloodstream.

• Signatera: A test used for minimal residual disease (MRD) and post-treatment follow-up. It is very valuable in predicting the risk of cancer recurrence.

• OncoMonitor: A liquid biopsy test used for MRD and disease follow-up.
  
  

3. Special Tests for Breast Cancer:

• Oncotype DX: A test that evaluates the recurrence risk of the tumor and the necessity of chemotherapy for breast cancer.

• EndoPredict: Analyzes recurrence risk in hormone-sensitive breast cancers.

• MammaPrint: Evaluates recurrence risk and the need for treatment in breast cancer with a 70-gene panel.
  
  

4. Tests for Follow-up and Treatment Management:

These tests are used both during treatment planning and in the follow-up of cancer after treatment. For example, Signatera and OncoMonitor can be used regularly to determine whether the cancer has been completely cleared or whether minimal disease remains.

What is a Liquid Biopsy?

Liquid biopsy is a test method that reveals the genetic characteristics of cancer by analyzing tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the bloodstream.

Liquid biopsy provides advantages, especially in the following situations:

• Minimally Invasive: It can be performed with only a blood sample without the need for surgical biopsy.

• Treatment Follow-up: It allows for regular monitoring of the cancer’s response to treatment and the emergence of potential resistance mechanisms.

• Fast Results: It gives results in a shorter time and allows the patient’s treatment plan to be updated quickly.

• Repeatable: It can be performed multiple times during the treatment process, which allows for regular monitoring of the genetic changes of cancer.